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Letter to American Society for Reproductive Medicine Regarding Sex Selection

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By Nahar Alam et. al.

Submitted by Marcy Darnovsky, Center for Genetics and Society, United States

THIS DOCUMENT APPLIES TO THESE EVENTS:

	Plenary #4: Screening Technologies: Sex Selection, Disability Deselection

Available at http://www.genetics-and-society.org/resources/cgs/2002_asrm_sex_selection.html

PRESS RELEASE: January 18, 2002

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

Civil Society Organizations Oppose Sex Selection Technologies

ASRM Ethics Committee to Meet January 25-26

A wide range of U.S. and international civil society organizations and individuals have joined in opposition to a disturbing trend toward the marketing of new sex selection technologies and "designer" babies.

In an open letter to Dr. J. Benjamin Younger, Executive Director of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM), signatories urge the ASRM to take immediate action to discourage the use of sex selection technologies for anything except the prevention of serious medical conditions.

The letter was written in response to the endorsement by Mr. John Robertson, acting chair of the ASRM Ethics Committee, of sex selection for "gender variety" using pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). The ASRM Ethics Committee is expected to consider the matter at its upcoming meeting January 25-26 (see "Fertility Ethics Authority Approves Sex Selection," Gina Kolata, New York Times, 9/28/01).

After Mr. Robertson's endorsement, the founder of a chain of U.S. fertility clinics stated he would begin offering PGD for sex selection.

The letter was jointly drafted by the Center for Genetics and Society; the Committee on Women, Population and the Environment (CWPE); Manavi, Inc., a New Jersey based organization for South Asian women; Andolan, an organization of South Asian low-wage workers in New York City; and the Boston Women's Health Book Collective. It expresses deep concerns about the inherent potential for gender discrimination posed by the practice of sex selection: "While motivations for desiring a child of a particular sex may vary, there are no non-sexist reasons for pre-selecting sex except in cases of preventing serious sex-linked diseases. This is true even in the United States, where economic and social pressures to raise male children are minimized in comparison to other societies."

The letter also expresses concern about advertisements for sex selection techniques that target South Asian Americans. In addition, it warns that the use of PGD for sex selection may normalize embryo selection based on other non-essential traits such as hair and eye color; thus legitimizing a new form of eugenics.

The letter has received support from 94 women's, reproductive rights, public health, disability rights, and South Asian organizations and individuals.

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January 15, 2002

J. Benjamin Younger, M.D.

Executive Director

American Society for Reproductive Medicine

1209 Montgomery Highway

Birmingham, Alabama 35216-2809

Dear Dr. Younger,

We are writing to express our deep concern about the recent letter from John Robertson, the acting head of your Ethics Committee, supporting the use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis for sex selection in cases where a couple desires "gender variety" in their children. While we understand that the sentiments expressed in his letter do not reflect a shift in the ASRM's official policy on this matter (as expressed in its 1999 report), we believe that the actual repercussions of this widely publicized letter should be of great concern to the committee, to ASRM, and to the fertility field as a whole.

According to media reports, the letter is already being used by some fertility specialists to justify offering IVF/PGD even to fertile couples for the sole purpose of sex identification and selection. One fertility center's website seems to suggest that ASRM approves of this practice, citing ASRM's "official opinion" that PGD is no longer "considered an experimental procedure" and then stating a few sentences later that "PGD also lends itself to non-medically indicated gender selection." (See http://www.centerforhumanreprod.com/treatment_assisted.html.)

Your own 1999 report asserts that this scenario "holds greater risk of unwarranted gender bias, social harm, and the diversion of medical resources from genuine medical need."

Nearly concurrent with Robertson's approval of PGD for sex selection, ads placed by American fertility practitioners offering both pre- and post-conception sex selection have targeted the South Asian community in North America. (See "Clinics' Pitch to Indian Émigrés," The New York Times, 8/15/01.) Those marketing this "service" to South Asians are surely aware that sex selection in India disfavors female children, capitalizing on the strong son preference and overall gender discrimination that have led to alarming gender imbalances in the population. India's experience with sex selection should leave no doubt that all methods of sex selection are potentially abusive and discriminatory.

The fact that some clinics in the United States are willing to exploit such practices should act as a warning to proceed with extreme caution in these matters. Fertility specialists who offer potentially lucrative yet ethically problematic services threaten to erode public trust in the fertility field as a whole.

Our organizations, which work to promote the rights, health, and reproductive freedoms of women, believe that condoning the non-medical use of PGD for sex selection would promote an already controversial technology for an inherently discriminatory use. While motivations for desiring a child of a particular sex may vary, there are no non-sexist reasons for pre-selecting sex except in cases of preventing serious sex-linked diseases. This is true even in the United States, where economic and social pressures to raise male children are minimized in comparison to other societies.

PGD presents serious ethical dilemmas precisely because it is so often difficult to distinguish medical from non-medical conditions. Allowing PGD for "gender variety" is a clear example of a non-medical application. Preselecting traits such as sex opens the door to embryo selection based on other non-medical traits, and constitutes a major step toward the "designing" of children.

We urge ASRM to take the earliest and strongest possible actions to discourage the use of pre- and post-conception sex selection for anything other than the prevention of serious medical conditions. A strong stand by ASRM on this matter would be an important step in promoting a climate in which reproductive and genetic technologies are not misused. We ask that you be in touch with a response.

Sincerely,

Nahar Alam, Co-Founder and Organizer, Andolan (Organizing South Asian Workers), New York City

Rajani Bhatia, Coordinator, Committee on Women, Population and the Environment

Marcy Darnovsky, PhD, Program Director, Center for Genetics and Society

Shamita Das Dasgupta, Ph.D., DVS, Manavi, Inc.

Judy Norsigian, Executive Director, Boston Women's Health Book Collective

Tania Simoncelli, Program Director, Center for Genetics and Society

Cc:

William R. Keye, Jr.

Karen D. Bradshaw

Sandra A. Carson G.

David Adamson

Marian D. Damewood

Sarah L. Berga

Michael R. Soules

Bryan D. Cowan

R. Jeffrey Chang

George A. Hill

John A. Robertson

Jamie A. Grifo

Andrea L. Bonnicksen

Lawrence S. Ross

Robert W. Rebar

Steven J. Ory

Thomas T.F. Huang, Jr.

Sue Prescott

Stuart S. Howards

Jim Howard

Charles C. Coddington, III

Sean Tipton

Steven J. Ory

Signatories as of January 14, 2002

(Organizational endorsements are indicated by boldface print.

Plain text indicates organizational affiliation listed for identification purposes only.)

Nahar Alam, Co-Founder and Organizer, Andolan (Organizing South Asian Workers), New York City

Rajani Bhatia, Coordinator, Committee on Women, Population and the Environment

Marcy Darnovsky, PhD, Program Director, Center for Genetics and Society

Shamita Das Dasgupta, Ph.D., DVS, Manavi, Inc.

Judy Norsigian, Executive Director, Boston Women's Health Book Collective

Tania Simoncelli, Program Director, Center for Genetics and Society

Amy Allina, National Women's Health Network

Karen Artichoker, Director, Cangleska, Inc.

Byllye Y. Avery, Founder, National Black Women's Health Project

Jane Bai, Executive Director, CAAAV: Organizing Asian Communities

Patricia Baird, Former Chair, Canadian Royal Commission on New Reproductive Technologies

Prof Rosalyn Baxandall, Chair, American Studies, SUNY Old Westbury

Diane Beeson, Chair, Department of Sociology and Social Services, California State University, Hayward

Prof. Philip L. Bereano (University of Washington), Washington Biotechnology Action Council

Rini Bhattacharya, Gender Activist, Maitree, Calcutta, India.

Alexander Morgan Capron, University Professor, Co-Director, Pacific Center for Health Policy and Ethics, University of Southern California

Claudia J. Carr, Associate Professor, College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley

Madhu Chandra, Sneha, Cheshire, CT

Ignacio H. Chapela, PhD, Assistant Professor, Environmental Science, Policy and Mangement, University of California, Berkeley

Amparo Claro, Coordinator, Red de Salud de las Mujeres Latinoamericanas y del Caribe/Latin American and Caribbean Women's Health Network

Irene Crowe, PhD. Pettus Crowe Foundation

Radha Dayanidhi, Manavi, Inc.

Bhairavi Desai, New York Taxi Workers Alliance

Dazon Dixon Diallo, President, SisterLove, Inc., Atlanta, GA

Sunita Dhumale, Sneha, Cheshire, CT

Gretchen Eckroate, Membership Director, National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, Denver, CO

Espace Femmes International (EFI), Geneva, Switzerland

Kathleen J. Ferraro, Director, Women's Studies Program, Arizona State University

Adrienne Germaine, President, International Women's Health Coalition

Adriana Gómez, Chief editor, Red de Salud de las Mujeres Latinoamericanas y del Caribe/Latin American and Caribbean Women's Health Network

Meena Gopal, Forum Against Oppression of Women, Mumbai (FAOW), Mumbai, India

Manisha Gupte, Co-Convenor, MASUM, Pune, India

Betsy Hartmann, Director, Population and Development Program, Hampshire College

Ruth Hubbard, Professor Emerita Biology, Harvard University, and founding director, Council for Responsible Genetics

Sheila Jasanoff, Professor of Science and Public Policy, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University

Anne S. Kasper, PhD., first co-chair of the board of directors of the National Women's Health Network.

David King, PhD., Human Genetics Alert, United Kingdom

Sabala and Kranti, Initiatives Women in Development, Mumbai (IWID), Mumbai, India

Abby Lippman, PhD, Mcgill University

Ngina Lythcott, Dr.P.H., Associate Dean, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University

Swatija Manorama, Forum for Women's Health (FFWH), Mumbai, India

Shukti Mazumdar, Manavi, Inc.

Medico Friends Circle (MFC), India

Kamlesh Mehrotra, member, Manavi, Inc.

Sumita Menon and Qudsiya Contractor, CEHAT (Centre for Enquiry into Health and Allied Themes), Research Centre of Anusandhan Trust, Mumbai, India.

Mamata Misra, Saheli

Dr. Merry Morash, Ph.D, Michigan State University

Shree Mulay, Professor, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

Dr. Thelma Narayan MBBS, M.Sc(Epid), PhD(London), Coordinator, Community Health Cell, India.

Stuart A. Newman, Ph.D., Professor of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College

Deepika Parikh, Counselor, Manavi, Inc.

Amita B. Preisser, Founder, Mediart Communications

Dr. Bandana Purkayastha, Sneha, Cheshire, CT

Shanthi Rao, Sneha, Cheshire, CT

Alejandra Rotania, Ser Mulher, Centro de Estudos e Ação da Mulher, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brasil

Dr. Sharmila Rudrappa, CAAS and Sociology, University of Texas-Austin

Saheli, New Delhi, India

Sama, New Delhi, India

Marsha Saxton, Ph.D, Research Associate, World Institute on Disability, University of California, Berkeley

Sarah Sexton, The CornerHouse, United Kingdom

Sonia Shah, South End Press

Shodhini Network, India

Sara Shostak, MPH, University of California, San Francisco

Evelyne Shuster, PhD, Former member of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine, Board member of Global Lawyers and Physicians

Jael Silliman, Assistant Professor of Women's Studies, University of Iowa.

Betsy Strausberg, Women's Health Education Network

Sangeeta Subramanian, Executive Director, South Asian Women's Centre, Toronto, Canada

April J. Taylor, Director, Cancer Prevention and Elder Health, Boston Public Health Commission

Martin Teitel, Ph.D., President, Council for Responsible Genetics

Lisa Tsering, Journalist, India-West, San Leandro, CA

Kamala Visweswaran, Associate Professor, Anthropology, University of Texas, Austin

Jyoti Wadiker, Child Relief and You (CRY), Bombay, India

Shabana Warne, Child Relief and You (CRY), Bombay, India

Jon Weil, Ph.D., Program in Genetic Counseling, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley

Gail Wight, Assistant Professor, Electronic & Intermedia Arts, Mills College

Diane Williams, MPH, Native American Health Center, Oakland, CA

Madhu Chandra, Sneha, Cheshire, CT

Leslie R. Wolfe, President, Center for Women Policy Studies

Women's Global Network for Reproductive Rights (Coordination Office), Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Joy Wright, Chicago Metropolitan Battered Women's Network

Additional Individual Signatories:

Nausheen Ahmed

Jacquelyn C. Campbell, PhD, RN, Baltimore, MD

Tammi L. Coles, Washington, DC

Renu Khanna, Baroda, India

Cynthia Wilcox Lischick, Ph.D. D.V.S., Hackettstown, NJ

Arnold Nath, Toronto

Carrie Rathmann, Baltimore, MD

Kalyan Ray, Hackettstown, NJ

Susan Rosenthal, Oakland, CA

Vinaya Saijwani, JD

Vincent Schiavo, Warwick, New York

Sumitra Shah

Sona Varma, PhD

Madhu Verma, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada.

Annette Will, Amsterdam, The Netherlands